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Commerce marketingReviewed September 7, 2026

What is UPC?

A UPC is a GS1 barcode format that commonly encodes a GTIN-12 for identifying a trade item across organizations.

Who this applies to#

  • Use a UPC where a trading partner or sales channel needs a standardized scannable product identifier

What UPC requires#

  • Use the GS1 identifier and barcode structure appropriate for the trade item
Shopify

A merchant can store standardized barcode data separately from its internal SKU

What this does not require#

  • A UPC does not replace the merchant's internal SKU or inventory-location logic

Common mistakes#

  1. Using UPC and SKU interchangeably
  2. Treating the printed barcode and the identifier it encodes as identical concepts

UPC checklist#

  • Identify the trade item
  • Use the correct GS1 identifier
  • Generate the matching barcode
  • Keep SKU separate

Commonly confused with#

Official sources#